Abstract: This experiment was designed to explore the impacts of varying chromium sources on the growth, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and glucose metabolism of juvenile Macrobrachium nipponense. The experimental design comprised four groups: a control group fed a basal diet devoid of chromium supplementation, and three treatment groups, each receiving a basal diet supplemented with 0.6 mg/kg of chromium in the forms of chromium chloride (CrCl₃), chromium-yeast (Cr-Yst), and chromium picolinate (Cr-Pic), respectively. Juvenile M. nipponense, with an initial body weight of (0.120±0.023) g, were subjected to these dietary regimens over a period of 56d. The findings revealed that Chromium addition significantly increased the final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and protein efficiency (PER) of M. nipponense compared to the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, prawns in the Cr-Yst and Cr-Pic groups exhibited significantly higher growth than those in the CrCl₃ group (P<0.05). Conversely, the feed conversion ratios (FCR) of the prawns in Cr-Yst and Cr-Pic groups were the lowest (P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in the survival rate across the groups (P>0.05). The addition of chromium also led to a significant reduction in the serum glucose (Glu) content of juvenile M. nipponense (P<0.05). Furthermore, the ingestion of organic chromium significantly increased the activities of phosphatases (AKP, ACP) and concurrently decreased the activities of transaminases in the serum (ALT, AST) (P<0.05). Except for ACP, there were no significant differences in the activities of AKP, AST, and ALT between the CrCl₃ group and the control group (P>0.05). Meanwhile, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the hepatopancreas of the organic chromium groups were elevated compared to thosein the control group, whereas the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the hepatopancreas was reduced (P<0.05). The supplementation of chromium was found to up-regulate the mRNA expression of glucose transporter 4 (glut4), with the Cr-Yst and Cr-Pic groups exhibiting significantly higher levels than the control group (P<0.05), although no significant difference was observed to the CrCl₃ group (P>0.05). Furthermore, dietary supplementation with chromium significantly increased the activity of key enzymes in the glycolytic pathway including hexokinase (HK) and phosphofructokinase (PFK), and diminished the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) involving gluconeogenic pathway in the hepatopancreas of M. nipponense. In comparison to the control group, the Cr-Pic group showed a significantly higher activities of HK and PFK (P<0.05). and a significant decrease in pyruvate (PA) content (P<0.05), with no significant difference ovserved relative to the Cr-Yst group (P>0.05). The supplementation of dietary chromium did not significantly affect pyruvate kinase (PK) activity (P>0.05). Dietary chromium supplementation also significantly increased the triglyceride (TG) content in the serum and the gene expression levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acc) and fatty acid synthase (fas) in the hepatopancreas of the organic chromium groups (Cr-Yst, Cr-Pic) (P<0.05). Conversely, the expression level of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (cpt1) was the lowest in Cr-Pic group (P<0.05). In summary, the incorporation of various chromium sources into the diet enhances the growth, immunity, glycolytic capacity, and lipid synthesis metabolism of M. nipponense. Among these sources, organic chromium compounds, particularly Cr-Pic and Cr-Yst, exert superior effects compared to the inorganic chromium source CrCl₃, with Cr-Pic demonstrating the most pronounced beneficial impact.