Abstract: Fish passage facilities, as an important ecological compensation measure for restoring fish migratory routes, have been widely implemented in aquatic ecosystem conservation. However, their effectiveness in facilitating fish passage remains below expectations. Fish attraction and repulsion technologies play a critical role in enhancing fish passage performance. This paper systematically elucidates the mechanisms and guidance theories of water flow, sound, light, electricity, bubble curtains, and biological factors on fish behavior, based on nearly a decade of indoor and field experiments. The paper also summarizes the advantages and limitations of these technologies in fish passage applications. Key conclusions include: (1) Research on fish behavioral responses to attraction and repulsion factors has evolved from two-dimensional to three-dimensional perspectives (e.g., from flow velocity to flow fields, from sound intensity to sound fields); (2) The effectiveness of attraction and repulsion factors shows both commonalities and species-specific differences among fish, with varying behavioral responses across different fish sizes; (3) Research focus has shifted from marine species to freshwater economic and protected species, with increasing attention to the interactive effects of multiple factors on fish behavior; and (4) The performance of attraction and repulsion technologies is influenced by multiple interacting factors, including species-specific characteristics, engineering design adaptability, and operational management. Future research should further explore fish behavioral responses under multi-factor interactions, optimize attraction and repulsion designs for various operational conditions of fish passage facilities, and advance aquatic ecosystem conservation.