枳实提取物对牛蛙生长、消化酶活性、抗氧化能力及肠道菌群的影响

AURANTII FRUCTUS IMMATURUS EXTRACT ON GROWTH, DIGESTIVE ENZYME ACTIVITY, ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY, AND INTESTINAL FLORA OF BULLFROG (LITHOBATES CATESBEIANUS)

  • 摘要: 实验旨在研究枳实提取物对牛蛙(Rana catesbeiana)生长及肠道的调节作用。以牛蛙基础饲料作为对照组(CON), 在牛蛙基础饲料中添加枳实提取物作为添加组, 添加量分别为500、1000和2000 mg/kg (F500 、F1000和F2000), 养殖实验持续56d。结果显示: (1)与 CON组相比, F1000与F2000组牛蛙的末均重(FBW)与增重率(WGR)显著提高(P<0.05)。(2)与CON组相比, F1000组肠道胰蛋白酶(Trypsin)、脂肪酶(LPS)、α-淀粉酶(AMS)、血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性均显著提高(P<0.05)。(3)枳实提取物添加组牛蛙血清中谷草转氨酶(ALT)、谷丙转氨酶(AST)活性均显著低于CON组(P<0.05)。(4)与CON组相比, 枳实提取物添加组牛蛙血清和肠道丙二醛(MDA)水平显著降低, 超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著升高(P<0.05)。枳实提取物添加组牛蛙肠道过氧化氢酶(CAT)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)水平显著提高(P<0.05)。(5)与CON组相比, 添加组牛蛙肠道菌群Shannon指数、Simpson指数显著降低(P<0.05)。在门水平上, 添加组牛蛙肠道中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度降低, 放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)相对丰度升高。在属水平上, 枳实提取物添加组牛蛙肠道分枝杆菌属(Mycobacterium)、鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)、乳球菌属(Lactococcus)和红球菌属(Rhodococcus)的相对丰度高于CON组, 而多尔氏菌属(Dorea)和支原体属(Mycoplasma)则降低。综上所述, 饲料中适量添加枳实提取物可以促进牛蛙生长、提高肠道消化酶活性和抗氧化能力, 并改善牛蛙肠道菌群结构。建议牛蛙饲料中枳实提取物的最适添加量为1000 mg/kg。

     

    Abstract: The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of Aurantii fructus immaturus (AFI) extract on the growth and intestinal regulation of bullfrog. Bullfrog basal feed was used as the control group (CON), and the additive groups received AFI extract at concentrations of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg (F500, F1000, and F2000) for a 56d feeding trial. The results showed that: (1) the final body weight (FBW) and weight gain rate (WGR) in the F1000 and F2000 groups were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those in the CON group. (2) Compared with the CON group, the activities of intestinal trypsin, lipase, α-amylase, serum alkaline phosphatase, and acid phosphatase (ACP) in the F1000 group were significantly higher (P<0.05). (3) The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alanine aminotransferase (AST) activities in the AFI extract-added group were significantly lower than those in the CON group (P<0.05). (4) The serum and intestinal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the AFI extract-added group were significantly lower, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared with those in the CON group. Additionally, the levels of intestinal catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were significantly increased (P<0.05) in the AFI extract addition groups. (5) Compared with the CON group, the Shannon index and Simpson index of the intestinal flora in the addition group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes (thick-walled bacteria) decreased, while Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria increased in the additive group. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Mycobacterium, Cetobacterium, Lactococcus, and Rhodococcus were higher, whereas the relative abundance of Dorea and Mycoplasma were reduced in the AFI extract-added group. In summary, the moderate addition of AFI extract to bullfrog feed promote the growth, increase the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes and antioxidant capacity, and improve the structure of intestinal flora. It is recommended that the optimal amount of AFI extract in bullfrogs feed should be 1000 mg/kg.

     

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