基于肠道健康的美洲鳗鲡幼鱼饲料中微量元素适宜添加水平研究

THE OPTIMAL SUPPLEMENTATION LEVELS OF MICRO-MINERALS IN THE DIET OF JUVENILE AMERICAN EEL (ANGUILLA ROSTRATA) BASED ON INTESTINAL HEALTH

  • 摘要: 研究旨在从肠道健康相关指标变化的角度, 探究美洲鳗鲡(Anguilla rostrata)幼鱼饲料中无机形式微量元素(Inorganic micro-minerals, IMM)适宜添加水平。将500尾实验鱼平均初重为(22.99±0.15) g/尾随机分为5个处理组, 分别饲喂基础饲料中添加复合IMM预混料水平为0、600、1200、1800和2400 mg/kg的实验饲料, 每组4个重复, 每个重复25尾鱼, 实验期为70d。每千克复合IMM预混料含铜10.0 g、铁150 g、锰33 g、锌83 g、碘4.17 g、硒0.67 g和钴0.67 g。结果显示, 随着饲料中复合IMM预混料添加水平的升高, 实验鱼肠道淀粉酶、脂肪酶、蛋白酶、总超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性, 肠道绒毛高度、肌层厚度及微绒毛密度呈先升高后降低趋势, 均在1200 mg/kg 复合IMM预混料组数值最高; 血清D-乳酸水平、二胺氧化酶活性和肠道丙二醛水平呈先降低后升高趋势, 均在1200 mg/kg 复合IMM预混料组数值最低。在饲料中添加1200 mg/kg 复合IMM预混料有益于调节肠道菌群组成, 增加有益菌相对丰度, 抑制潜在致病菌增殖。以血清D-乳酸水平和二胺氧化酶活性及肠道绒毛高度为评价指标, 用二次回归模型得出复合IMM预混料在饲料中适宜的添加水平分别为900、1150和916 mg/kg。结合不同水平复合IMM预混料改善美洲鳗鲡幼鱼肠道健康的效果, 初步确定复合IMM预混料在饲料中适宜添加水平为900—1200 mg/kg, 即饲料中添加铜9.0—12.0 mg/kg、铁135—180 mg/kg、锰30—40 mg/kg、锌75—100 mg/kg、碘3.75—5.00 mg/kg、硒0.60—0.80 mg/kg和钴0.60—0.80 mg/kg。研究结果可为鳗鲡微量元素需要量研究及饲料科学配制提供参考。

     

    Abstract: This trial aimed to determine the optimal supplementation level of inorganic micro-minerals (IMM) in the diet of juvenile American eel (Anguilla rostrata) by evaluating the intestinal health related indicators. A total of 500 fish with an average body weight of (22.99±0.15) g were randomly divided into five treatment groups, each fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 600, 1200, 1800, and 2400 mg/kg of a compound IMM premix, respectively. In each group, there were four replicates with 25 fish per replicate, and the trial lasted for 70 days. The compound IMM premix contained Cu 10.0 g, Fe 150 g, Mn 33 g, Zn 83 g, I 4.17 g, Se 0.67 g, and Co 0.67 g. With the increasing supplementation levels of compound IMM premix, activities of intestinal amylase, lipase, protease, total superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, intestinal villi height, the muscularis propria thickness, and the microvilli density initially increased and then decreased, with the highest values observed in the 1200 mg/kg premix group. Conversely, serum D-lactic acid levels, diamine oxidase activity, and intestinal malondialdehyde levels showed an initial decrease followed by an increase, with the lowest values in the 1200 mg/kg group. The supplementation of 1200 mg/kg compound IMM premix in the diet could beneficially regulate intestinal flora composition by increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and inhibiting potentially pathogenic bacteria. By using the serum D-lactic acid level, diamine oxidase activity, and intestinal villus height as the evaluation indices, quadratic regression model was employed to estimate the appropriate supplementation levels of the compound IMM premix as 900, 1150, and 916 mg/kg, respectively. Considering the overall effects on on improving intestinal health in juvenile American eels, the appropriate supplementation level range of the compound IMM premix was 900—1200 mg/kg, which provide dietary concentrations of Cu 9.0—12.0 mg/kg, Fe 135—180 mg/kg, Mn 30—40 mg/kg, Zn 75—100 mg/kg, I 3.75—5.00 mg/kg, Se 0.60—0.80 mg/kg, and Co 0.60—0.80 mg/kg. These results might provide a reference for studying trace mineral requirements and formulating scientific diets eels.

     

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