CROP-WETLAND: A KIND OF CONSTRUCTED WETLAND OWNING MULTI-FUNCTIONS

Crop wetlands represent an integrated ecological system that combines the principles of constructed wetlands with agricultural production. By leveraging the hydrological characteristics and bioremediation functions of wetlands, crop wetlands achieve an optimized balance between wastewater treatment and crop growth. This approach mitigates the environmental pressures associated with traditional agriculture, thereby promoting sustainable development in agriculture and environmental management. This study systematically analyzed related publications, focusing on vegetation types, wetland configurations, and pollutant removal efficiencies in crop wetlands. The results indicate that paddy field is the most commonly crop wetland while rice is the largely cultivated in such systems. The predominant wetland configuration includes surface flow (51.9%), horizontal flow (33.3%), and floating treatment (11.1%), with vertical flow being less frequently employed (3.7%). Crop wetlands exhibit multiple functionalities, including water quality improvement, nutrient recovery, and integrated agricultural benefits. They are particularly suitable for treating low-concentration wastewater and perform comparably to traditional surface flow constructed wetlands. Notably, crop wetlands demonstrate a significant advantage in nutrient recycling while exhibit the development of integrated agricultural systems. Future research should focus on optimizing the design and management of crop wetlands, with particular emphasis on addressing the potential risks posed by pathogenic microorganisms emerging pollutants and heavy metal. Ensuring food safety and environmental health will be critical to achieving harmonious development between agriculture and ecosystems.